INTRINSIC CONDUCTIVITY

Conductivity is defined as a material's ability to carry electricity.

In a material, the current density (J) is directly proportional to the electric field (E). The proportionality constant is known as the electrical conductivity (σ).

Mathematically, this relationship is expressed as:

J = σE -------------(1)

In semiconductors, both electrons and holes act as carriers, so the total current density through the semiconductor is

J = Jₑ + Jₕ